You'll use one of three. Either you increase the home loan you already have, or you set up a construction facility that releases money in stages as the work gets done, or you spend what you've already paid into the loan through redraw or offset. Which one suits you comes down to the job, and mostly to whether walls are moving.
The rate you pay is much the same whichever it is. What changes the cost is the term you put the money over, and that's the one nobody at the bank asks you about. Add $150,000 to a 30 year loan and the interest on it comes to about $175,000. Put the same $150,000 on a 15 year split and it's about $78,000. The section below shows what that trade costs you a month.